Two small villages, Kalifat and Kumkale appear in the plain of Troy on old maps.
Yet these two villages lasted in the plain at least a hundred years, from the 1840s to the 1950s, after which they were moved onto the prominences overlooking their old locations.
I suspect that those two villages could endure in the plain only because they were on high ground.
This is clearly the case with old Kumkale. It sat on the northern end of what Walter Leaf thought was the Throsmos, or swelling of the plain, mentioned by Homer. The location is marked on Leaf's map below, just northwest of Troia.
Below is a map from Heinrich Schliemann. It places Kum-Kioi where Leaf puts the throsmos. Nearby is the Burial mound of Illus.
Below is a photo looking northwest over the top of Troia, toward the mound Leaf had in mind. The mound is visibly rising at the top of the frame, where a canal goes around it. Nearer to Troy a road climbs the mound from right to left.
Below is another view to the northwest. The rising land below the "corbis" watermark in this photo is pretty dramatic. At the top of the photo you can see the canal going around the end of the mound.
Below is yet another pic looking northwest across the excavated area at Hissarlik. The new village of Kumkale is clearly visible on the prominence beyond the canal which is curving around the obvious mound on which it formerly sat. A road climbs the mound from right to left.
Below is another map from Heinrich Schliemann. It places Kum-keui near two other place names, Ilus and Polion. It's as if there were three distinct villages there.
There can be little doubt that the villages in that area were on top of a mound. The layout and curvature of the roads on Schliemann's map make the huge mound in front of Hisarlik very distinct.
The original location of Kalafat is harder to discern. It sat near the pointed, southern end of the great mound in front of Hissarlik. As long as it was on that mound, it would have had some height above the floor of the valley. Schliemann's map above places it at the meeting place of two roads. The map below places "Kalifatlee" in a similar location.
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